GEO · SEO · AEO

How AI answer engines decide what to cite

Research, comparisons and guides on how ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, Claude, Grok and Google decide which brands to name and which pages to cite, with the method stated and the sources dated.

  • Every source dated
  • Method stated
  • Corrections in public

Compare the toolsHow we measure

101 notes 9 tools compared Published by the team that builds Cituna

Engines we cover

  • ChatGPT
  • Perplexity
  • Gemini
  • Claude
  • Grok
  • Google AI Overviews
  • Google AI Mode
  • Microsoft Copilot

Tools compared

  • Cituna
  • Otterly.AI
  • AthenaHQ
  • Scrunch AI
  • Ahrefs Brand Radar
  • Semrush AI Visibility Toolkit
  • SE Ranking (SE Visible)
  • Peec AI
  • Profound

Latest

Research

What 7 AI engines cite when you ask about AI visibility tools

We kept every source from 3,531 answers by ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, Claude, Grok and Google's two AI engines. Perplexity cites four times as many sites as ChatGPT, roundups take two thirds of the citations, and one engine answered a software question with alternative rock.

Mark Henry

Research

Research: which sources AI answer engines cite, and how often

What the answer engines actually cite, measured on the engines themselves.

Every number comes with its method and the dates it was measured.

All research
  1. What an AI crawler sees on nine AI visibility pricing pages

    We fetched nine vendors' pricing pages without running JavaScript, the way OpenAI's, Anthropic's and Perplexity's crawlers fetch them. Four publish an entry price a crawler can read. One loads its prices with JavaScript and one publishes none.

  2. Reddit, YouTube and LinkedIn in AI answers, engine by engine

    How much seven AI engines cite Reddit, YouTube and LinkedIn for questions about AI visibility tools, from 15.8% of Google AI Mode's citations to 0.1% of ChatGPT's, with per-engine counts, shares and the questions involved.

  3. What ChatGPT cites when it recommends AI visibility tools

    ChatGPT cites few sources per answer, and its most-cited sites are AI visibility vendors' own domains. Our scans show which roundups, page kinds and questions make up the rest, and how ChatGPT differs from six other engines.

  4. What Claude cites when it recommends AI visibility tools

    Claude cites about eight sources per answer, gives articles and reference pages a larger share than any other engine, and cited no Reddit threads at all. Our scans show its most-cited sites, page kinds, questions and misreads.

Comparisons

Comparisons: AI visibility tools, side by side

AI visibility tools side by side, from each vendor's own published facts.

All comparisons
  1. Ahrefs Brand Radar Pricing 2026: Plans, Add-ons and Real Cost

    Ahrefs Brand Radar pricing: checks per plan, $50-$250 prompt packs, the $199 index, worked costs, and Cituna's daily tracking on seven engines.

    6 min read Published

  2. Peec AI vs AthenaHQ (2026): Engines, Pricing and Which to Pick

    Peec AI vs AthenaHQ: $95 for 50 prompts on 3 models vs $295 in credits on 11, a verdict by need, and Cituna for 7 engines checked daily from $39.

    7 min read Published

  3. Scrunch vs Profound (2026): Engines, Pricing and Which to Pick

    Scrunch vs Profound: Core at $250 for 4 engines vs Profound's custom Enterprise, a verdict by need, and Cituna for 7 engines checked daily from $39.

    6 min read Published

Guides

Guides: how to earn citations from AI answer engines

All guides
  • Guides

    AI Visibility Tools With Google Search Console: How to Choose

    What Search Console already shows about AI Overviews and AI Mode in 2026, the seven checks a tool's Search Console integration should pass, and which AI visibility tools publish one, checked on each vendor's own pages.

    Mark Henry

  • Guides

    How to Choose the Best AI Visibility Tool: 7 Criteria (2026)

    Seven criteria for choosing an AI visibility tool in 2026, from the engines your buyers use to trial and contract terms, each with what to check and a dated example from vendors' own pages, plus a scoring worksheet.

    Mark Henry

  • Guides

    How to Track Google AI Overviews: Manual and Automated Methods

    For whether Google AI Overviews and AI Mode name your brand, each tracked daily next to Search Console, our pick of AI Overviews mentions tool is Cituna at $39. Plus what Search Console shows and how to size click loss.

    Mark Henry

Glossary

Glossary: the terms of AI search, defined

All terms

Browse by topic

  • AEO

    How AI answer engines choose which brands to name and cite, how to measure your share of their answers, and what moves it.

    82 notes

  • SEO

    The parts of search engine optimization that decide whether AI answers can find, read and cite a page.

    34 notes

  • GEO

    How to write and structure content so generative engines can find it, understand it and quote it.

    53 notes

The tools, compared

9 AI visibility tools side by side: entry price, engines covered, Search Console, API and MCP. Every figure is taken from the vendor's own page.

  • Cituna
  • Otterly.AI
  • AthenaHQ
  • Scrunch AI
  • Ahrefs Brand Radar
  • Semrush AI Visibility Toolkit
  • SE Ranking (SE Visible)
  • Peec AI
  • Profound
Compare the tools